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acute accent
(uh-KYOOT ak-sent) A diagonal mark, placed over a letter to represent a particular sound. Slants from upper right down to lower left. Used in Czech, French, Hungarian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Serbo-Croatian, and Latinized Macedonian.
Example: á

breve
(BREEV) A curved mark with the open side up that is placed over a vowel or other letter, such as an "A" or "G." Used in Latin, Turkish, and Latinized Bulgarian.
Example: Ă

caret
(KHER-et) See "circumflex."

caron
(KHAR-un) See "hachek."

cedilla
(sih-DIL-uh) A tiny curved symbol, like a backward "c," placed at the bottom (or top) of a letter to indicate a different pronunciation. Used in French, Portuguese, Romanian, and Turkish.
Example: ç
(Note that with the "g," the character is above.)

circumflex
(SER-cum-fleks) A mark like the caret (the "hat" symbol found on the "6" key of a keyboard) placed over a letter to indicate various pronunciations. Used in French, Polish, Romanian, and Latinized Bulgarian.
Example: ĉ

diaeresis
(dai-ER-ih-sis) See "umlaut."

digraph
(DAI-graf) See "ligature."

dot
(DAHT) In Turksh, a dot placed over an upper-case "I" to represent the same sound as a dotted lower-case "i." Turkish also has the letter "I" undotted in both upper-case and lower-case.
Example: ċ

double acute
(DUH-bl uh-KYOOT) Two "acute accents" or "prime" marks. Placed above the letters "O" and "U." Used in Hungarian.
Example: ű

grave accent
(GRAHV or GRAEV) A diagonal mark placed above a vowel. Slants from upper left to lower right (the reverse of the "acute accent"). Used in French, Italian, and Ancient Greek.
Example: à

hachek
(HAH-chek) Looks like an upside-down caret, or a small "v." Placed above vowels and some consonants. Used in Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Turkish, as well as Latinized Bulgarian and Macedonian.
Example: Č

ligature
(LIH-guh-choor) A character that resembles two letters joined together, as in AE, fl, or OE. Used in English, French, and Norwegian. Also called "digraph" (DAI-graf).
Example: æ

macron
(MAY-krahn or MAH-kruhn) A horizontal mark over a vowel to indicate that the vowel is to be pronounced stressed or long. Used in South Asian languages.
Example: ā

ogonek
(OH-goh-nek) A small mark resembling a "cedilla" but reversed, placed beneath a letter, generally an A or E. Used in Polish and Turkish.
Example: ą

ring (RIHNG)
Hollow circle above a vowel. Used in Czech, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish.
Example: å

stroke
(STROAK) A horizontal or slanted mark. In Icelandic, the stroked letter is called the "edh" (or "eth") and the Icelandic lower-case letter looks like a lower-case "d" tilted to the left with a slanted stroke (ð). The capital "D" has a horizontal stroke across the vertical side. In Polish, the letter "L" ("l") is changed in pronunciation to a "w" sound with the addition of a slanted stroke (as in the word "Lowicza"). Used in Icelandic, Old English, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian.
Example: Đ

tilde
(TIL-deh) Placed over a letter to denote the "nyuh" sound (as in the Spanish word "señorita," with the tilde over the n), or over a vowel to indicate nasality (as in the Portuguese word "irmã," with the tilde over the a).
Example: ã

umlaut
(OOM-laut) Two dots placed above a vowel to indicate a partial assimilation to a succeeding sound. Also called diaeresis or dieresis (dai-ER-ih-sis) when placed over a vowel to show that the vowel is pronounced in a separate syllable. Used in French, German, Hungarian, Swedish, and Turkish.
Example: ö

HTML Special Characters

Numeric Code	Numeric Code	HTML Code	Entity Name
À	À	À	capital A, grave accent
à	à	à	small a, grave accent
Á	Á	Á	capital A, acute accent
á	á	á	small a, acute accent
Â	Â	Â	capital A, circumflex accent
â	â	â	small a, circumflex accent
Ã	Ã	Ã	capital A, tilde
ã	ã	ã	small a, tilde
Ä	Ä	Ä	capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
ä	ä	ä	small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
Å	Å	Å	capital A, ring (Angstrom)
å	å	å	small a, ring
Ā	Ā		capital A, macron
ā	ā		small a, macron
Ă	Ă		capital A, breve
ă	ă		small a, breve
Ą	Ą		capital A, ogonek
ą	ą		small a, ogonek
Ǟ	Ǟ		capital A, diaeresis and macron
ǟ	ǟ		small a, diaeresis and macron
Ǻ	Ǻ		capital A, ring above and acute
ǻ	ǻ		small a, ring above and acute
Ǽ	Ǽ		capital AE, acute
ǽ	ǽ		small ae, acute
Æ	Æ	Æ	capital AE diphthong (ligature)
æ	æ	æ	small ae diphthong (ligature)
Ḃ	Ḃ		capital B, dot above
ḃ	ḃ		small b, dot above
Ć	Ć		capital C, acute
ć	ć		small c, acute
Ç	Ç	Ç	capital C, cedilla
ç	ç	ç	small c, cedilla
Ĉ	Ĉ		capital C, circumflex
ĉ	ĉ		small c, circumflex
Ċ	Ċ		capital C, dot above
ċ	ċ		small c, dot above
Č	Č		capital C, caron (hachek)
Ḋ	Ḋ		capital D, dot above
ḋ	ḋ		small d, dot above
Ḑ	Ḑ		capital D, cedilla
ḑ	ḑ		small d, cedilla
č	č		small c, caron (hachek)
Ď	Ď		capital D, caron (hachek)
ď	ď		small d, caron (hachek)
DŽ	DŽ		capital DZ, caron (hachek)
Dž	Dž		capital D, small letter z with caron
dž	dž		small DZ, caron (hachek)
Đ	Đ		capital D, stroke
đ	đ		small d, stroke
Ð	Ð	Ð	capital ETH, Icelandic
ð	ð	ð	small eth, Icelandic
DZ	DZ		capital DZ
Dz	Dz		capital D with small letter z
dz	dz		small dz
È	È	È	capital E, grave accent
è	è	è	small e, grave accent
É	É	É	capital E, acute accent
é	é	é	small e, acute accent
Ê	Ê	Ê	capital E, circumflex accent
ê	ê	ê	small e, circumflex accent
Ë	Ë	Ë	capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
ë	ë	ë	small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ē	Ē		capital E, macron
ē	ē		small e, macron
Ĕ	Ĕ		capital E, breve
ĕ	ĕ		small e, breve
Ė	Ė		capital E, dot above
ė	ė		small e, dot above
Ę	Ę		capital E, ogonek
ę	ę		small e, ogonek
Ě	Ě		capital E, caron (hachek)
ě	ě		small e, caron (hachek)
Ʒ	Ʒ		capital Ezh
ʒ	ʒ		small ezh
Ǯ	Ǯ		capital Ezh, caron (hachek)
ǯ	ǯ		small ezh, caron (hachek)
Ḟ	Ḟ		capital F, dot above
ḟ	ḟ		small f, dot above
ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	small f, hook
Ǵ	Ǵ		capital G, acute
ǵ	ǵ		small G, acute
Ĝ	Ĝ		capital G, circumflex
ĝ	ĝ		small g, circumflex
Ğ	Ğ		capital G, breve
ğ	ğ		small g, breve
Ġ	Ġ		capital G, dot above
ġ	ġ		small g, dot above
Ģ	Ģ		capital G, cedilla (below)
ģ	ģ		small g, cedilla (above)
Ǧ	Ǧ		capital G, caron (hachek)
ǧ	ǧ		small g, caron (hachek)
Ǥ	Ǥ		capital G, stroke
ǥ	ǥ		small g, stroke
Ĥ	Ĥ		capital H, circumflex
ĥ	ĥ		small h, circumflex
Ħ	Ħ		capital H, stroke
ħ	ħ		small h, stroke
Ì	Ì	Ì	capital I, grave accent
ì	ì	ì	small i, grave accent
Í	Í	Í	capital I, acute accent
í	í	í	small i, acute accent
Î	Î	Î	capital I, circumflex accent
î	î	î	small i, circumflex accent
Ï	Ï	Ï	capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
ï	ï	ï	small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ĩ	Ĩ		capital I, tilde
ĩ	ĩ		small i, tilde
Ī	Ī		capital I, macron
ī	ī		small i, macron
Ĭ	Ĭ		capital I, breve
ĭ	ĭ		small I, breve
Į	Į		capital I, ogonek
į	į		small i, ogonek
İ	İ		capital I, dot above
ı	ı		small i, dotless
IJ	IJ		capital ligature IJ
ij	ij		small ligature ij
Ĵ	Ĵ		capital J, circumflex
ĵ	ĵ		small j, circumflex
Ķ	Ķ		capital K, cedilla
ķ	ķ		small k, cedilla
Ǩ	Ǩ		capital K, caron (hachek)
ǩ	ǩ		small k, caron (hachek)
ĸ	ĸ		small k, ra
Ḱ	Ḱ		capital K, acute
ḱ	ḱ		small k, acute
Ĺ	Ĺ		capital L, acute
ĺ	ĺ		small l, acute
Ļ	Ļ		capital L, cedilla
ļ	ļ		small l, cedilla
Ľ	Ľ		capital L, caron (hachek)
ľ	ľ		small l, caron (hachek)
Ŀ	Ŀ		capital L, MiddleDot
ŀ	ŀ		small l, MiddleDot
Ł	Ł		capital L, stroke
ł	ł		small l, stroke
LJ	LJ		capital LJ
lj	lj		small lj
Ṁ	Ṁ		capital M, dot above
ṁ	ṁ		small m, dot above
Ń	Ń		capital N, acute
ń	ń		small n, acute
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	capital N, tilde
ñ	ñ	ñ	small n, tilde
Ņ	Ņ		capital N, cedilla
ņ	ņ		small n, cedilla
Ň	Ň		capital N, caron (hachek)
ň	ň		small n, caron (hachek)
Ŋ	Ŋ		capital Eng
ŋ	ŋ		small eng
NJ	NJ		capital NJ
Nj	Nj		capital N, small J
nj	nj		small nj
ʼn	ʼn		small N, preceded by apostrophe
Ò	Ò	Ò	capital O, grave accent
ò	ò	ò	small o, grave accent
Ó	Ó	Ó	capital O, acute accent
ó	ó	ó	small o, acute accent
Ô	Ô	Ô	capital O, circumflex accent
ô	ô	ô	small o, circumflex accent
Õ	Õ	Õ	capital O, tilde
õ	õ	õ	small o, tilde
Ö	Ö	Ö	capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
ö	ö	ö	small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ø	Ø	Ø	capital O, slash
ø	ø	ø	small o, slash
Ō	Ō		capital O, macron
ō	ō		small o, macron
Ŏ	Ŏ		capital O, breve
ŏ	ŏ		small o, breve
Ő	Ő		capital O, double acute
ő	ő		small o, double acute
Ǿ	Ǿ		capital O, stroke and acute
ǿ	ǿ		small o, stroke and acute
Œ	Œ	Œ	capital ligature OE
œ	œ	œ	small ligature oe
Ṗ	Ṗ		capital P, dot above
ṗ	ṗ		small p, dot above
Ŕ	Ŕ		capital R, acute
ŕ	ŕ		small r, acute
Ŗ	Ŗ		capital R, cedilla
ŗ	ŗ		small r, cedilla
Ř	Ř		capital R, caron (hachek)
ř	ř		small r, caron (hachek)
ɼ	ɼ		small R, long leg
Ś	Ś		capital S, acute
ś	ś		small s, acute
Ŝ	Ŝ		capital S, circumflex
ŝ	ŝ		small s, circumflex
Ş	Ş		capital S, cedilla
ş	ş		small s, cedilla
Š	Š	Š	capital S, caron (hachek)
š	š	š	small s, caron (hachek)
Ṡ	Ṡ		capital S, dot above
ṡ	ṡ		small s, dot above
ß	ß	ß	small sharps, German (sz ligature)
ſ	ſ		small s, long
Ţ	Ţ		capital T, cedilla
ţ	ţ		small t, cedilla
Ť	Ť		capital T, caron (hachek)
ť	ť		small t, caron (hachek)
Ŧ	Ŧ		capital T, stroke
ŧ	ŧ		small t, stroke
Ṫ	Ṫ		capital T, dot above
ṫ	ṫ		small t, dot above
Þ	Þ	Þ	capital THORN, Icelandic
þ	þ	þ	small thorn, Icelandic
Ù	Ù	Ù	capital U, grave accent
ù	ù	ù	small u, grave accent
Ú	Ú	Ú	capital U, acute accent
ú	ú	ú	small u, acute accent
Û	Û	Û	capital U, circumflex accent
û	û	û	small u, circumflex accent
Ü	Ü	Ü	capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
ü	ü	ü	small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ũ	Ũ		capital U, tilde
ũ	ũ		small u, tilde
Ū	Ū		capital U, macron
ū	ū		small u, macron
Ŭ	Ŭ		capital U, breve
ŭ	ŭ		small u, breve
Ů	Ů		capital U, ring above
ů	ů		small u, ring above
Ű	Ű		capital U, double acute
ű	ű		small u, double acute
Ų	Ų		capital U, ogonek
ų	ų		small u, ogonek
Ẃ	Ẃ		capital W, acute
ẃ	ẃ		small w, acute
Ẁ	Ẁ		capital W, grave
ẁ	ẁ		small w, grave
Ẅ	Ẅ		capital W, diaeresis
ẅ	ẅ		small w, diaeresis
Ŵ	Ŵ		capital W, circumflex
ŵ	ŵ		small w, circumflex
Ý	Ý	Ý	capital Y, acute accent
ý	ý	ý	small y, acute accent
Ỳ	Ỳ		capital Y, grave
ỳ	ỳ		small y, grave
159 (128-159 not used in ISO)	Ÿ	Ÿ	capital y, dieresis or umlaut mark
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	small y, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ŷ	Ŷ		capital Y, circumflex
ŷ	ŷ		small y, circumflex
Ÿ	Ÿ		capital Y, diaeresis
Ź	Ź		capital Z, acute
ź	ź		small z, acute
Ż	Ż		capital Z, dot above
ż	ż		small z, dot above
Ž	Ž		capital Z, caron (hachek)
ž	ž		small z, caron (hachek)

Greek Alphabet

Numeric Code	Numeric Code	HTML Code	Entity Name
Α	Α		greek capital Alpha
α	α		Greek small alpha
Β	Β		Greek capital Beta
β	β		Greek small beta
Γ	Γ		Greek capital Gamma
γ	γ		Greek small gamma
Δ	Δ		Greek capital Delta
δ	δ		Greek small delta
Ε	Ε		Greek capital Epsilon
ε	ε		Greek small epsilon
Ζ	Ζ		Greek capital Zeta
ζ	ζ		Greek small zeta
Η	Η		Greek capital Eta
η	η		Greek small eta
Θ	Θ		Greek capital Theta
θ	θ		Greek small theta
Ι	Ι		Greek capital Iota
ι	ι		Greek small iota
Κ	Κ		Greek capital Kappa
κ	κ		Greek small kappa
Λ	Λ		Greek capital Lamda
λ	λ		Greek small lamda
Μ	Μ		Greek capital Mu
μ	μ		Greek small mu
Ν	Ν		Greek capital Nu
Ξ	Ξ		Greek capital Xi
ξ	ξ		Greek small xi
Ο	Ο		Greek capital Omicron
ο	ο		Greek small omicron
Π	Π		Greek capital Pi
π	π		Greek small pi
Ρ	Ρ		Greek capital Rho
ρ	ρ		Greek small rho
Σ	Σ		Greek capital Sigma
σ	σ		Greek small sigma
ς	ς		Greek small final sigma
Τ	Τ		Greek capital Tau
τ	τ		Greek small tau
Υ	Υ		Greek capital Upsilon
υ	υ		Greek small upsilon
Φ	Φ		Greek capital Phi
φ	φ		Greek small phi
Χ	Χ		Greek capital Chi
χ	χ		Greek small chi
Ψ	Ψ		Greek capital Psi
ψ	ψ		Greek small psi
Ω	Ω		Greek capital Omega
ω	ω		Greek small omega

Currency Symbols

Numeric Code	Numeric Code	HTML Code	Entity Name
¤	¤	¤	general currency sign
$	$		dollar sign
¢	¢	¢	cent sign
£	£	£	pound sterling
¥	¥	¥	yen sign
₣	₣		franc sign
₤	₤		lira sign
₧	₧		peseta sign
€	€	€	euro sign

Mathmatical Symbols

Numeric Code	Numeric Code	HTML Code	Entity Name
−	−		minus sign
+	+		plus sign
±	±	±	plus or minus sign
×	×	×	multiply sign
÷	÷	÷	division sign
Ω	Ω		ohm sign
℮	℮		estimated symbol
⅛	⅛		vulgar fraction, one eighth
¼	¼	¼	fraction one-fourth
⅜	⅜		vulgar fraction, three eighths
½	½	½	fraction one-half
⅝	⅝		vulgar fraction, five eighths
¾	¾	¾	fraction three-fourths
⅞	⅞		vulgar fraction, seven eighths
∂	∂		partial differential
∆	∆		increment
∏	∏		N-ary product
∑	∑		N-ary summation
∙	∙		bullet operator
√	√		square root
∞	∞		infinity
∟	∟		right angle
∩	∩		intersection
∫	∫		integral
≈	≈		almost equal to
≠	≠		not equal to
≡	≡		identical to
≤	≤		less-than or equal to
≥	≥		greater-than or equal to
fi	fi		small ligature fi
fl	fl		small ligature fl

Punctuation Marks and Other Symbols

Numeric Code	Numeric Code	HTML Code	Entity Name
&	&	&	ampersand
©	©	©	copyright
™	™	™	trademark sign
®	®	®	registered trademark
℅	℅		care of
¡	¡	¡	inverted exclamation
¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark
"	"	"	quotation mark
‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	’	right single quotation mark
“	“	“	left double quotation mark
‹	‹	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark
›	›	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark
”	”	”	right double quotation mark
«	«	«	left angle quote, guillemot left
»	»	»	right angle quote, guillemot right
‚	‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
‛	‛		single high-reversed-9 quotation mark
„	„	„	double low-9 quotation mark
<	&#60;	&lt;	less-than sign
>	&#62;	&gt;	greater-than sign
	&#160;	&nbsp;	non-breaking space
¦	&#166;	&brvbar;	broken vertical bar
§	&#167;	&sect;	section sign
ª	&#170;	&ordf;	feminine ordinal
¬	&#172;	&not;	not sign
­	&#173;	&shy;	soft hyphen
°	&#176;	&deg;	degree sign
²	&#178;	&sup2;	superscript two
³	&#179;	&sup3;	superscript three
ⁿ	&#8319;		superscript small n
µ	&#181;	&micro;	micro sign (Mu)
¶	&#182;	&para;	paragraph sign
·	&#183;	&middot;	middle dot
¹	&#185;	&sup1;	superscript one
º	&#186;	&ordm;	masculine ordinal
‐	&#8208;		hyphen
–	&#8211;	&ndash;	en dash
—	&#8212;	&mdash;	em dash
―	&#8213;		horizontal bar
‗	&#8215;		double low line
†	&#8224;	&dagger;	dagger
‡	&#8225;	&Dagger;	double dagger
•	&#8226;	&bull;	bullet
‣	&#8227;		triangular bullet
…	&#8230;	&hellip;	horizontal ellipsis
‰	&#8240;	&permil;	per mille sign
′	&#8242;		prime
″	&#8243;		double prime
‼	&#8252;		double exclamation mark
‾	&#8254;		overline
⁃	&#8259;		hyphen bullet
⁄	&#8260;		fraction slash
№	&#8470;		numero sign

Diacriticals Only

Numeric Code	Numeric Code	HTML Code	Entity Name
´	´	´	acute accent
˝	˝		double acute accent
¸	¸	¸	cedilla
˘	˘		breve
˙	˙		dot above
˚	˚		ring above
˛	˛		ogonek
˜	˜	˜	small tilde
¨	¨	¨	umlaut (dieresis)
¯	¯	¯	macron accent
ˆ	710	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent